The Ultimate Fighter: Brazil is an installment of the Ultimate Fighting Championship-produced reality television series The Ultimate Fighter. This season marked the first time the show was filmed, in its entirety, outside of Las Vegas, Nevada, and consisted of 12 episodes and a live finale in Brazil. The season tournament finale appeared on pay-per-view in June 2012. It started filming in February 2012 and was in Portuguese. The season was produced by Floresta, a Brazilian production company, and aired in Brazil on Globo. Each episode was broadcast over the Internet at TUF.tv each Sunday night and later aired on Fuel TV in a marathon leading up to the finale.

On December 13, 2011, during the pre-UFC 142 press conference, Dana White announced that the coaches for the season would be Vitor Belfort and Wanderlei Silva. Belfort still faced and defeated Anthony Johnson at UFC 142. This was a departure from past seasons where following the coaches announcement the coaches did not compete against other fighters until facing each other after the conclusion of that season of The Ultimate Fighter.

The UFC held open tryouts on December 14, 2011. The casting call was for Lightweight and Middleweight fighters who are at least 21 years old and have a minimum of two wins in three professional fights. Of those who applied for the tryouts the UFC invited 350 fighters to participate. The fighters in the season were from the Featherweight and Middleweight weight classes.

The Ultimate Fighter is an American reality television series and mixed martial arts competition produced by the FX Network and the Ultimate Fighting Championship. It previously aired for fourteen seasons on Spike TV. The show features professional MMA fighters living together in Las Vegas, Nevada, and follows them as they train and compete against each other for a prized contract with the UFC. The series debuted on January 17, 2006, with its first episode, “The Quest Begins”. To date, there have been twenty seasons of the show, two per calendar year. Each season features either one or two weight classes in the tournament.

The historic Forrest Griffin vs. Stephan Bonnar fight in the first season drew millions of viewers to the show and launched the sport into the mainstream. Because of this success, The Ultimate Fighter was regarded as instrumental to the survival and expansion of the UFC and mixed martial arts into the mainstream. Many current and past UFC fighters are alumni of the show, with some competitors going on to become coaches in future seasons. The show has undergone multiple format changes since its inception, including the introduction of the wildcard bout. Many winners have gone on to compete for UFC championships with some becoming UFC champions.